Potiphar

Potiphar is a character in Genesis.  The captain of the Egyptian guard, he becomes owner of Joseph when his brothers sell him into slavery. Potiphar makes Joseph the head of his household, but Potiphar's wife tries to seduce Joseph, fails and accuses him of rape. Potiphar casts Joseph into prison, where he comes to notice of Pharaoh through dream interpretation.

Dives and Lazarus

The parable of the rich man and Lazarus is found in Luke 16:19-31.  The rich man finds himself in hell and the sick beggar Lazarus in heaven (in the bosom of Abraham) and asks for Lazarus to be sent to earth to warn his family.  Abraham responds that if they didn't listen to Moses and the prophets, they wouldn't listen to a resurrected dead man either.  In some European countries, the Latin description dives (Latin for "the rich man") is treated as his proper name: Dives.  A traditional English ballad tells the story.

Cain the farmer

The thing I learned today is that Cain was the brother who offered grains ("fruit of the ground") to God, while Abel, a keeper of sheep offered the lord lamb meat. God, naturally, preferred the carnivorous food. Here is a mnemonic: Cain rhymes with grains, and "Abel" put a bell on the lamb (his name may derive from a Semitic word meaning "herdsman").

Gershom

Moses named his firstborn son Gershom, which means traveler in an alien land, because Moses himself had been "a stranger in a strange land" (KJV translation).

Artaban

Artaban was, according to legend, the "fourth wise man" that traveled to see the birth of Christ. He was a Persian scholar who missed the birth of Jesus but spent the next 33 years until his death helping the poor.

When Moses died in Moab, the Israelites mourned him not for 3 or 7 or 40 days, as you might expect, but thirty days.

Haman

Haman is a noble in the Book of Esther who hatches a plot to kill all the Jews in Persia. He ends up hanged on the gallows he built for Mordecai. (And then the king gives the Jews carte blanche to kill anyone they feel like, including Haman's ten sons, so, you know, a cheery tale.)

Uzziah, also called Azariah, was a King of Judah whose story is found in 2 Chronicles. Because he dared to enter the temple and burn incense to the Lord (which only priests could do), he was struck with leprosy.

Jacob's name means "holds the heel" because he grabbed his elder twin Esau's foot during birth, apparently trying to hold him back from being the firstborn.

Yael (old style: Jael) is a character in the Biblical book of Judges. She takes in Sisera, the captain of the Canaanite army, gets him drunk, and drives a tent peg through his head.

Holofernes was as Assyrian general in the Catholic book of Judith; he was seduced, inebriated, and beheaded by her.

Noah's ark contained eight human passengers: Noah, his sons Shem, Ham, and Japheth, and their wives. They must have been frightfully busy taking care of all those animals.